Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Title abbreviation: Adv Clin Exp Med
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ISSN 1899–5276 (print)
ISSN 2451-2680 (online)
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Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

2018, vol. 27, nr 8, August, p. 1075–1080

doi: 10.17219/acem/70441

Publication type: original article

Language: English

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Pathophysiological implications of actin-free Gc-globulin concentration changes in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid collected from patients with Alzheimer’s disease and other neurological disorders

Alina Kułakowska1,D, Joanna Tarasiuk1,D, Katarzyna Kapica-Topczewska1,D, Monika Chorąży1,D, Robert Pogorzelski1,D, Agnieszka Kulczyńska-Przybik2,A, Barbara Mroczko2,A, Robert Bucki3,D

1 Department of Neurology, Medical University of Białystok, Poland

2 Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Poland

3 Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Poland

Abstract

Background. The extracellular actin scavenging system (EASS) is composed of plasma Gc-globulin and gelsolin, and is responsible for the elimination of toxic actin from the bloodstream.
Objectives. In this study, we assessed the actin-free Gc-globulin concentrations in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from subjects with neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) as well as in a control group.
Material and Methods. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we measured the actinfree Gc-globulin concentrations in blood plasma and CSF obtained from subjects diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (n = 20), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (n = 12), multiple sclerosis (MS) (n = 42), tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) (n = 12), and from a control group (n = 20).
Results. The concentrations of free Gc-globulin in plasma collected from patients diagnosed with AD (509.6 ±87.6 mg/L) and ALS (455.5 ±99.8 mg/L) did not differ significantly between each other, but were significantly higher compared to the reference group (311.7 ±87.5 mg/L) (p < 0.001 and p < 0.006, respectively) as well as to MS (310.8 ±66.6 mg/L) (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) and TBE (256.7 ±76 mg/L) (p < 0.001 and p < 0.003, respectively). In CSF collected from patients diagnosed with AD and ALS, the concentrations of free Gc-globulin were 2.6 ±1.1 mg/L and 2.7 ±1.9 mg/L, respectively. They did not differ significantly between each other and were significantly higher compared to the reference group (1.5 ±0.9 mg/L) (p < 0.005 and p < 0.041, respectively). Interestingly, in patients with AD, significantly higher values of Gcglobulin were detected compared to multiple sclerosis patients (1.7 ±0.9 mg/L) (p < 0.013).
Conclusion. Higher concentrations of free Gc-globulin in blood plasma and CSF collected from patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases may indicate a potential role of this protein in their pathogenesis, and represent a potential tool for the diagnosis of CNS diseases.

Key words

Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, tick-borne encephalitis, Gc-globulin

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