Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Title abbreviation: Adv Clin Exp Med
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ISSN 1899–5276 (print)
ISSN 2451-2680 (online)
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Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

2019, vol. 28, nr 12, December, p. 1711–1715

doi: 10.17219/acem/104534

Publication type: review

Language: English

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Glomerular podocytes in diabetic renal disease

Paweł Podgórski1,A,B,C,D,E, Andrzej Konieczny2,A,D,E,F, Łukasz Lis1,A,C,E, Wojciech Witkiewicz1,E,F, Zbigniew Hruby1,3,A,B,C,D,E,F

1 Voivodeship Specialty Hospital, Center for Research and Development, Wrocław, Poland

2 Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland

3 Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), both in the USA and in Europe; moreover, its incidence is rising worldwide. The main laboratory markers of DN progression are albuminuria and a reduction in glomerular filtration rates, although progression of the disease has been observed even in the absence of these biomarkers. Renal impairment, associated with diabetes, results from damage to the glomerular filtration barrier, at the level of highly differentiated glomerular epithelial cells: podocytes. These cells regulate glomerular filtration and many immunological processes occurring at this level. The earliest possible diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and implementation of intensive treatment offers the possibility of preventing or substantially delaying the onset of ESRD. In this article, we review various urinary biomarkers linked with glomerular podocyte cytophysiology as potentially sensitive diagnostic tools for the early detection of DKD. These biomarkers have predictive potential for assessing the progression toward end-stage nephropathy.

Key words

pathogenesis, diabetic kidney disease, podocytes

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